Sezvo vanhu vachikura, kuderera kwebasa rehuropi kunowedzera kuoneka. Pakati pevanhu vane makore 20-49, vazhinji vanotanga kuona kudzikira kwekuziva basa pavanoona kurasikirwa nendangariro kana kukanganwa. Kune avo vane makore 50-59, kuitika kwekuderera kwekuziva kunowanzouya pavanotanga kuona kudonha kunooneka mundangariro.
Paunenge uchitsvaga nzira dzekusimudzira kushanda kwehuropi, mapoka emazera akasiyana anotarisa pane zvakasiyana. Vanhu vane makore 20-29 vanowanzotarisa pakuvandudza kurara kuti vawedzere kushanda kwehuropi (44.7%), asi vanhu vane makore 30-39 vanofarira kuderedza kuneta (47.5%). Kune avo vane makore 40-59, kuvandudza kutarisisa kunoonekwa sekiyi yekusimudzira kushanda kwehuropi (40-49 makore: 44%, 50-59 makore: 43.4%).
Zvinozivikanwa Zvinoshandiswa muJapan's Brain Health Market
Zvinoenderana nemaitiro epasirese ekutsvaga mararamiro ane hutano, musika weJapan unoshanda wezvekudya unosimbisa mhinduro dzenyaya dzehutano, hutano hwehuropi huchive chinhu chakakosha chinotariswa. Pakazosvika Zvita 11, 2024, Japan yakanga yanyoresa 1,012 inoshanda chikafu (maererano nedata repamutemo), iyo makumi manomwe neshanu yaive ine chekuita nehutano hwehuropi. Pakati peizvi, GABA ndiyo yainyanya kushandiswa, inoteverwa nelutein/zeaxanthinginkgo mashizha anotorwa (flavonoids, terpenoids),DHABifidobacterium MCC1274, Portulaca oleracea saponins, paclitaxel, imidazolidine peptides,PQQ, uye ergothioneine.
1. GABA
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) isiri-proteinogenic amino acid yakatanga kuonekwa neMutariri uye vashandi pamwe chete mu potato tuber tissue muna 1949. Muna 1950, Roberts et al. yakaratidza GABA muhuropi hwemammalian, yakaumbwa kuburikidza neiyo isingachinjiki α-decarboxylation ye glutamate kana munyu wayo, wakagadziriswa ne glutamate decarboxylase.
GABA inonzi neurotransmitter yakakosha inowanikwa zvakanyanya mumammalian nervous system. Basa rayo guru nderokuderedza neuronal excitability nekudzivisa kutapurirana kwezviratidzo zveneural. Muuropi, kuenzana pakati pe inhibitory neurotransmission inopindirana neGABA uye inonakidza neurotransmission inopindirana ne glutamate inokosha pakuchengetedza sero membrane kugadzikana uye neural neural function.
Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti GABA inogona kutadzisa neurodegenerative shanduko uye kunatsiridza ndangariro uye yekuziva mabasa. Zvidzidzo zvemhuka zvinoratidza kuti GABA inovandudza chiyeuchidzo chenguva refu mumakonzo nekuderera kwekuziva uye inokurudzira kupararira kweuroendocrine PC-12 masero. Mumakiriniki ekuedzwa, GABA yakaratidzwa kuwedzera serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mazinga uye kuderedza njodzi yedementia uye chirwere cheAlzheimer muvakadzi vepakati-kati.
Mukuwedzera, GABA ine migumisiro yakanaka pamafungiro, kushungurudzika, kuneta, uye kurara. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti musanganiswa weGABA neL-theanine unogona kuderedza kurara latency, kuwedzera nguva yekurara, uye kusimudzira kutaura kweGABA uye glutamate GluN1 receptor subunits.
2. Lutein/Zeaxanthin
Luteinis oxygenated carotenoid inoumbwa nesere isoprene residues, unsaturated polyene ine mapfumbamwe maviri mabhondi, anotora uye anoburitsa chiedza pane chaiwo wavelengths, ichipa iyo yakasiyana ruvara zvivakwa.Zeaxanthinisomeri yelutein, inosiyana pachimiro chebhandi rechipiri mumhete.
Lutein uye zeaxanthinndiwo mavara ekutanga mu retina. Lutein inonyanya kuwanikwa muperipheral retina, nepo zeaxanthin yakanamirwa mukati mepakati macula. Izvo zvinodzivirira zve lutein uye zeaxanthin yemaziso zvinosanganisira kuvandudza kuona, kudzivirira zera-ane hukama macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, glaucoma, uye kudzivirira retinopathy muvacheche vasati vasvika.
Muna 2017, vaongorori kubva kuYunivhesiti yeGeorgia vakawana kuti lutein uye zeaxanthin zvinokurudzira hutano hwehuropi muvakuru vakuru. Chidzidzo chacho chakaratidza kuti vatori vechikamu vane mazinga epamusoro e lutein uye zeaxanthin vakaratidza kuderera kwehuropi pavanenge vachiita mazwi-pairi ekurangarira mabasa, zvichiratidza kukwirira kweneural.
Pamusoro pezvo, ongororo yakashuma kuti Lutemax 2020, lutein supplement kubva kuOmeo, yakawedzera zvakanyanya mwero weBDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), protein yakakosha inosanganisirwa neural plasticity, uye yakakosha pakukura nekusiyaniswa kwemaneuroni, uye inobatanidza kuwedzera kudzidza, ndangariro, uye kugona kwekuziva.
(Zvimiro mafomula e lutein uye zeaxanthin)
3. Ginkgo Leaf Extract (Flavonoids, Terpenoids)
Ginkgo biloba, iyo chete mhuka yakasara mumhuri yeginkgo, inowanzonzi "chipenyu chipenyu." Mashizha ayo nembeu zvinowanzoshandiswa mukutsvakurudza kwemishonga uye ndeimwe yemishonga inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasi rose. Mishonga inoshanda muginkgo shizha inotorwa inonyanya kuve flavonoids uye terpenoids, iyo ine zvivakwa zvakadai sekubatsira lipid kuderedza, antioxidant mhedzisiro, kuvandudza ndangariro, kuderedza kushushikana kwemaziso, uye kupa dziviriro kubva kumakemikari kukuvara kwechiropa.
Monograph yeWorld Health Organisation pamiti yemishonga inotsanangura izvo zvakamiraginkgomashizha emashizha anofanirwa kunge ane 22-27% flavonoid glycosides uye 5-7% terpenoids, ine ginkgolic acid zviri pasi pe5 mg/kg. MuJapan, Health and Nutrition Food Association yakaisa zviyero zvemhando yeginkgo shizha rinotorwa, rinoda flavonoid glycoside yeinenge 24% uye terpenoid yeinenge 6%, ine ginkgolic acid inochengetwa pasi pe5 ppm. Iyo inokurudzirwa zuva nezuva yevakuru iri pakati pe60 ne240 mg.
Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwenguva refu kweyakagadziriswa ginkgo shizha yakatorwa, kana ichienzaniswa ne placebo, inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya mamwe mabasa ekuziva, kusanganisira kurongeka kwendangariro uye kugona kutonga. Uyezve, ginkgo yakatorwa yakashumwa kuti inovandudza uropi kubuda kweropa uye basa.
4. DHA
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is omega-3 refu-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Iyo yakawanda muzvokudya zvegungwa uye zvigadzirwa zvavo, kunyanya hove dzine mafuta, izvo zvinopa 0.68-1.3 magiramu eDHA pa100 gramu. Zvokudya zvemhuka zvakaita semazai nenyama zvine zvidiki zveDHA. Pamusoro pezvo, mukaka wemuzamu wemunhu uye mamwe mukaka wemhuka zvakare une DHA. Tsvagiridzo pamusoro pevakadzi vanopfuura zviuru zviviri nemazana mana muzvidzidzo makumi matanhatu neshanu zvakaona kuti avhareji yekuiswa kweDHA mumukaka wezamu i0.32% yehuremu hwemafuta easidhi, kubva pa0.06% kusvika 1.4%, nevagari vemumahombekombe vane huwandu hwepamusoro hweDHA mumukaka wamazamu.
DHA inobatanidzwa nekukura kwehuropi, kushanda, uye zvirwere. Tsvagiridzo yakadzama inoratidza kuti DHA inogona kuwedzera neurotransmission, neuronal kukura, synaptic plasticity, uye neurotransmitter kuburitswa. Meta-analysis ye15 randomized controlled trials yakaratidza kuti avhareji yezuva nezuva ye580 mg yeDHA yakavandudza zvakanyanya episodic memory muvanhu vakuru vane hutano (18-90 makore) uye avo vane hunyoro hwekuziva kukanganisa.
Nzira dzeDHA dzekuita dzinosanganisira: 1) kudzorera n-3 / n-6 PUFA ratio; 2) inhibiting neuroinflammation yakabatana nezera inokonzerwa neM1 microglial cell overactivation; 3) kudzvinyirira A1 astrocyte phenotype nekudzikisa zviratidzo zveA1 zvakadai seC3 uye S100B; 4) kunyatsodzivirira nzira yechiratidzo yeproBDNF/p75 pasina kushandura uropi-derived neurotrophic factor-associated kinase B chiratidzo; uye 5) kukurudzira kupona neuronal nekuwedzera phosphatidylserine mazinga, iyo inobatsira protein kinase B (Akt) membrane translocation uye activation.
5. Bifidobacterium MCC1274
Ura, hunowanzonzi "uropi hwechipiri," hwakaratidzwa kuve nekudyidzana kwakakosha nehuropi. Ura, senhengo ine kufamba kwega, inogona kushanda yakazvimiririra pasina kuraira kwakananga kwehuropi. Zvisinei, kubatana pakati pehutu uye huropi kunochengetedzwa kuburikidza ne autonomic nervous system, zviratidzo zvehomoni, uye cytokines, zvichiita izvo zvinozivikanwa se "gut-brain axis."
Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti mabhakitiriya emudumbu anoita basa mukuunganidzwa kwe β-amyloid protein, yakakosha pathological marker muchirwere cheAlzheimer. Kuenzaniswa nekutonga kune hutano, varwere veAlzheimer vakaderedza gut microbiota siyana, nekudzikira kweBifidobacterium hukama hwakawanda.
Muzvidzidzo zvekupindira kwevanhu pane vanhu vane hunyoro hwekuziva kukanganisa (MCI), kushandiswa kweBifidobacterium MCC1274 kwakavandudza zvakanyanya kuita kwekuziva muRivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBANS). Zvibodzwa munzvimbo dzakadai seyekukurumidza ndangariro, yekuona-spatial kugona, yakaoma kugadzirisa, uye kunonoka ndangariro zvakavandudzwawo zvakanyanya.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-06-2025