Vanhu pavanenge vachikura, kudzikira kwebasa rehuropi kunowedzera kuoneka. Pakati pevanhu vane makore 20-49, vazhinji vanotanga kuona kudzikira kwebasa rehuropi pavanorasikirwa nendangariro kana kukanganwa. Kune avo vane makore 50-59, kuziva kudzikira kwebasa rehuropi kunowanzoonekwa pavanotanga kudzikira kukuru kwendangariro.
Pakutsvaga nzira dzekuvandudza mashandiro ehuropi, mapoka akasiyana ezera anotarisa pazvinhu zvakasiyana. Vanhu vane makore 20-29 vanowanzotarisa pakuvandudza kurara kuti vawedzere mashandiro ehuropi (44.7%), nepo vanhu vane makore 30-39 vachinyanya kufarira kuderedza kuneta (47.5%). Kune avo vane makore 40-59, kuvandudza kutarisisa kunoonekwa sekiyi yekuvandudza mashandiro ehuropi (makore 40-49: 44%, makore 50-59: 43.4%).
Zvinhu Zvakakurumbira Mumusika Wehutano Hwepfungwa muJapan
Zvichienderana netsika yepasi rose yekutevera mararamiro ane hutano, musika wezvekudya unoshanda muJapan unonyanya kusimbisa mhinduro dzezvinetso zvehutano, hutano hwehuropi huri chinhu chakakosha. Pakazosvika Zvita 11, 2024, Japan yakanga yanyoresa zvekudya zvinoshanda 1,012 (zvichienderana nedata repamutemo), izvo 79 zvacho zvaive zvine chekuita nehutano hwehuropi. Pakati peizvi, GABA ndiyo yaive chinhu chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, ichiteverwa nelutein/zeaxanthin, ginkgo leaf extract (flavonoids, terpenoids),DHA, Bifidobacterium MCC1274, Portulaca oleracea saponins, paclitaxel, imidazolidine peptides,PQQ, uye ergothioneine.
1. GABA
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) iamino acid isingasanganisire mapuroteni yakatanga kuonekwa naSteward nevamwe vake mumatato tuber tissue muna 1949. Muna 1950, Roberts nevamwe vake vakaona GABA muuropi hwemhuka dzinoyamwisa, inoumbwa kuburikidza ne α-decarboxylation isingadzoreki ye glutamate kana munyu wayo, inokonzereswa ne glutamate decarboxylase.
GABA ineurotransmitter inokosha inowanikwa zvakanyanya muhurongwa hwetsinga dzemuviri dzemhuka dzinoyamwisa. Basa rayo guru nderekuderedza kufadza kwetsinga dzeuropi nekudzivirira kutapurirana kwemasaini etsinga dzeuropi. Muuropi, kuenzana pakati pekutapurirana kwetsinga dzeuropi dzinodzivirira kutapurirana kwetsinga dzeuropi dzinotungamirirwa neGABA nekutapurirana kwetsinga dzeuropi dzinotungamirirwa neglutamate kwakakosha pakuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemasero uye kushanda zvakanaka kwetsinga dzeuropi.
Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti GABA inogona kudzivirira shanduko dzetsinga dzeuropi uye kuvandudza mashandiro ekurangarira nepfungwa. Zvidzidzo zvemhuka zvinoratidza kuti GABA inovandudza ndangariro yenguva refu mumakonzo nekuderera kwekuziva uye inokurudzira kuwanda kwemasero e-neuroendocrine PC-12. Mumiedzo yekiriniki, GABA yakaratidzwa kuti inowedzera huwandu hweserum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) uye inoderedza njodzi yedementia nechirwere cheAlzheimer muvakadzi vane makore epakati nepakati.
Pamusoro pezvo, GABA ine mhedzisiro yakanaka pamanzwiro, kushushikana, kuneta, uye kurara. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti musanganiswa weGABA neL-theanine unogona kuderedza nguva yekurara, kuwedzera nguva yekurara, uye kuwedzera kutaurwa kweGABA neglutamate GluN1 receptor subunits.
2. Lutein/Zeaxanthin
Luteini carotenoid ine oxygen inoumbwa nema isoprene residues masere, polyene isina kuguta ine mapfumbamwe maviri, iyo inotora uye inoburitsa chiedza pahurefu hwakasiyana hwema wavelengths, ichipa hunhu hwayo hwemavara akasiyana.Zeaxanthinisomer ye lutein, yakasiyana nenzvimbo yekubatana kwakapetwa kaviri murin'i.
Lutein ne zeaxanthinndiwo mavara makuru ari mu retina. Lutein inonyanya kuwanikwa mu peripheral retina, nepo zeaxanthin iri mu central macula. Migumisiro yekudzivirira yelutein ne zeaxanthinyemaziso inosanganisira kuvandudza kuona, kudzivirira kukwegura kwemaziso (AMD), cataracts, glaucoma, uye kudzivirira retinopathy muvana vacheche vasati vasvika nguva.
Muna 2017, vaongorori veYunivhesiti yeGeorgia vakaona kutilutein ne zeaxanthinchinobatsira zvakanaka hutano hwehuropi muvanhu vakuru. Chidzidzo ichi chakaratidza kuti vanhu vane huwandu hwakanyanya hwelutein ne zeaxanthinyakaratidza kushanda kwakaderera kweuropi pakuita mabasa ekurangarira mazwi maviri, zvichiratidza kushanda zvakanaka kwetsinga dzeuropi.
Pamusoro pezvo, chidzidzo chakashuma kuti Lutemax 2020, lutein supplement kubva kuOmeo, yakawedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hweBDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), protein yakakosha inobatanidzwa mu neural plasticity, uye yakakosha pakukura nekusiyanisa ma neuron, uye yakabatana nekuwedzera kudzidza, kurangarira, uye kushanda kwepfungwa.
(Mafomura e lutein ne zeaxanthin)
3. Ginkgo Leaf Extract (Flavonoids, Terpenoids)
Ginkgo biloba, rudzi rwega rwuripo mumhuri yeginkgo, runowanzonzi "chipenyu chekare." Mashizha nembeu dzayo zvinowanzo shandiswa mukutsvagisa mishonga uye ndeimwe yemishonga yechisikigo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasi rose. Mishonga inoshanda iri muchikamu chemashizha eginkgo inonyanya kuve flavonoids neterpenoids, ine zvinhu zvakaita sekubatsira kuderedza mafuta mumuviri, mhedzisiro yeantioxidant, kuvandudza ndangariro, kuderedza kushushikana kwemaziso, uye kudzivirira kukuvara kwechiropa nemakemikari.
Nhoroondo yeWorld Health Organisation pamusoro pemiti yemishonga inotaura kutiginkgoZvikamu zvemashizha zvinofanira kunge zvine 22-27% flavonoid glycosides uye 5-7% terpenoids, ine ginkgolic acid iri pasi pe5 mg/kg. MuJapan, Health and Nutrition Food Association yakaisa mwero wemhando yepamusoro we ginkgo leaf extract, ichida flavonoid glycoside iri pasi pe24% uye terpenoid iri pasi pe6%, ne ginkgolic acid iri pasi pe5 ppm. Kudya kunokurudzirwa kwevanhu vakuru zuva nezuva kuri pakati pe60 ne240 mg.
Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti kunwa ginkgo leaf extract kwenguva refu, zvichienzaniswa ne placebo, kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya mamwe mabasa ekufunga, kusanganisira kugona kurangarira zvakanaka uye kugona kusarudza. Uyezve, ginkgo extract yakataurwa kuti inovandudza kufamba kweropa muuropi uye kushanda kwayo.
4. DHA
DHA(docosahexaenoic acid) iomega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Inowanikwa muhove uye muzvigadzirwa zvayo, kunyanya hove dzine mafuta, izvo zvinopa 0.68-1.3 gramu yeDHA pa 100 gramu. Zvikafu zvemhuka zvakaita semazai nenyama zvine huwandu hushoma hweDHA. Pamusoro pezvo, mukaka wemuzamu wevanhu nemukaka wezvimwe zvinoyamwisa zvinewo DHA. Tsvagiridzo pavakadzi vanopfuura 2,400 muzvidzidzo makumi matanhatu neshanu yakawana kuti avhareji yehuwandu hweDHA mumukaka wemuzamu i0.32% yehuremu hwese hwemafuta acid, kubva pa0.06% kusvika 1.4%, nevanhu vari mumahombekombe vane huwandu hweDHA hwakanyanya mumukaka wemuzamu.
DHA inobatanidzwa nekukura kwehuropi, mashandiro, uye zvirwere. Ongororo yakakura inoratidza kutiDHAzvinogona kuwedzera kufambiswa kwetsinga dzeropa, kukura kwetsinga dzeropa, kupatsanurwa kwetsinga dzeropa, uye kuburitswa kwetsinga dzeropa. Kuongorora kwakadzama kwemiedzo gumi neshanu yakarongwa kwakaratidza kuti avhareji yekudya kwe580 mg yeDHA pazuva kwakavandudza zvakanyanya ndangariro dzezviitiko muvanhu vakuru vane hutano (makore 18-90) uye avo vane dambudziko repfungwa.
Maitiro eDHA anosanganisira: 1) kudzoreredza chiyero che n-3/n-6 PUFA; 2) kudzivirira kukuvara kweuropi kunokonzerwa ne M1 microglial cell overactivation; 3) kudzvinyirira phenotype yeA1 astrocyte nekuderedza zviratidzo zveA1 zvakaita seC3 neS100B; 4) kudzivirira zvinobudirira proBDNF/p75 signaling pathway pasina kuchinja brain-derived neurotrophic factor-associated kinase B signaling; uye 5) kukurudzira kupona kweneuronal nekuwedzera mazinga ephosphatidylserine, izvo zvinoita kuti protein kinase B (Akt) membrane translocation uye activation.
5. Bifidobacterium MCC1274
Uropi, hunowanzonzi "uropi hwechipiri," hwakaratidzwa kuti hune hukama hwakakosha neuropi. Uropi, senhengo ine kufamba kwayo yoga, hunogona kushanda hwakazvimiririra pasina kudzidziswa zvakananga neuropi. Zvisinei, hukama huripo pakati pehuro nehuropi hunochengetedzwa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwetsinga dzinozvitonga, zviratidzo zvehomoni, uye ma cytokines, zvichigadzira chinozivikanwa se "gut-brain axis."
Ongororo yakaratidza kuti mabhakitiriya emudumbu ane basa guru mukuunganidzwa kweprotein yeβ-amyloid, chiratidzo chikuru chechirwere cheAlzheimer. Zvichienzaniswa nevanorwara neAlzheimer vane hutano hwakanaka, varwere veAlzheimer vakaderedza kusiyana kwe microbiota mudumbu, nekudzikira kwehuwandu hweBifidobacterium.
Muzvidzidzo zvevanhu zvakaitirwa vanhu vane chirwere chepfungwa chishoma (MCI), kushandiswa kweBifidobacterium MCC1274 kwakavandudza zvakanyanya mashandiro epfungwa muRivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBANS). Zvibodzwa munzvimbo dzakadai sekurangarira nekukurumidza, kugona kuona-nzvimbo, kugadzirisa kwakaoma, uye kurangarira kwakanonoka zvakavandudzwawo zvakanyanya.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-07-2025