Sophora japonica, inozivikanwa zvikuru semuti wepagoda, inomira seimwe yemiti yekare kwazvo muChina. Zvinyorwa zvenhoroondo kubva kuShan Hai Jing yekare yepakutanga kweQin (Classic of Mountains and Seas) zvinoratidza kupararira kwayo, zvichiratidza mashoko akadai sekuti "Mount Shou yakazara nemiti yesophora" uye "Masango eMount Li akapfuma musophora." Nhoroondo idzi dzinoratidza kukura kwemuti uyu muChina kubvira kare.
Sechiratidzo chemiti chakadzika midzi mutsika, sophora yakakurira nhaka yetsika yakapfuma. Ichiremekedzwa nekuda kwechitarisiko chayo chepamusoro uye kubatana kwayo nekubudirira muhurumende, yakakurudzira zvizvarwa zvevakawanda. Mutsika dzevanhu, muti uyu unofungidzirwa kuti unodzinga mweya yakaipa, nepo mashizha awo, maruva, nemapods zvagara zvichishandiswa mukurapa kwechivanhu.
Muna 2002, maruva e sophora (huaihua) ne buds (huaimi) zvakazivikanwa zviri pamutemo nebazi rezvehutano reChina sezvinhu zvine mabasa maviri zvinoshandiswa pakurapa nekubika (Gwaro Nhamba [2002]51), zvichiratidza kuti zvakabatanidzwa muboka rekutanga rezvinhu zve "yao shi tong yuan" munyika.
Mbiri yeBotanical
Zita resainzi: Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott
Muti weSophora unomera mashizha matema mumhuri yeFabaceae, une makwati egrey dema, mashizha akakora, uye mashizha ane pinnate compound. Maruva awo anonhuwirira zvishoma, ane kirimu-yero anotumbuka muzhizha, achiteverwa nemapods ane nyama, akaita semabhidhi anorembera pamatavi.
China ine mhando mbiri huru: yemuno inonzi Styphnolobium japonicum (Chinese sophora) uye Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust kana "foreign sophora"), iyo yakaunzwa kubva kuChina muzana remakore rechi19. Kunyangwe ichionekwa zvakafanana, yakasiyana mukushandiswa kwayo—maruva eblack locust anowanzodyiwa sechikafu, nepo maruva emhando yemuno aine kukosha kukuru kwekurapa nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinovaka muviri.
Kusiyanisa: Maruva vs. Mabukira
Mazwi ekuti huaihua na huaimi anoreva matanho akasiyana ekukura:
- Huaihua: Maruva akazara nemaruva
- Huaimi: Maruva asina kuvhurwa
Pasinei nenguva dzakasiyana dzekukohwa, ese ari maviri anowanzo unganidzwa pasi pe "maruva esophora" mukushandiswa kwaanoita.
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Maitiro Ekurapa Kwekare
Mishonga yechivanhu yeChinese inoisa maruva e sophora muzvikamu zvechiropa zvinotonhodza chiropa. Bhuku rinonzi Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu) rinoti: "Maruva e sophora anoshanda pazvikamu zveropa zveYangming neJueyin meridians, nokudaro achirapa zvirwere zvine chekuita nazvo."
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Ruzivo rweSainzi rwemazuva ano
Ongororo dzemazuva ano dzinoratidza zvinhu zvinoshanda muhupenyu hwemunhu zviri mumaruva nemabuds, zvinosanganisira triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids (quercetin, rutin), fatty acids, tannins, alkaloids, uye polysaccharides. Zvakawanikwa zvikuru:
1. Simba reAntioxidant
- Flavonoids dzakadai serutin nequercetin dzinoratidza kugona kwayo kubvisa ma free radicals.
- Mabukira ane ma phenolics nema flavonoids akakwira ne20-30% kupfuura maruva akavhurika.
- Quercetin inoratidza mhedzisiro yeantioxidant inoenderana nedosi kuburikidza nekutonga kweglutathione uye ROS neutralization.
2. Rutsigiro rweMwoyo neMitsipa yeMwoyo
- Inodzivirira kuungana kwemaplatelet (kuderedza njodzi yekurohwa nestroke) kuburikidza nequercetin nerutin.
- Inodzivirira ma erythrocyte kubva mukukuvadzwa kwe oxidative, ichichengetedza hutano hwetsinga dzeropa.
3. Hunhu hweAnti-Glycation
- Inoderedza kuumbwa kwezvigadzirwa zveglycation (AGEs) zvepamusoro ne76.85% mumhando dze zebrafish.
- Inorwisa kukwegura kweganda uye matambudziko echirwere cheshuga kuburikidza nekudzivirira zvirwere zvakawanda.
4. Migumisiro yekudzivirira tsinga
- Inoderedza nzvimbo dze cerebral infarction mumhando dze mbeva dzine chirwere chestroke ne40-50%.
- Inodzivirira kushanda kwe microglial uye pro-inflammatory cytokines (semuenzaniso, IL-1β), ichideredza kufa kwetsinga dzeropa.
Maitiro eMusika uye Mashandisirwo
Musika wepasi rose we sophora extracts, unokosheswa pamadhora mazana maviri nemaviri emamiriyoni muna 2025, unotarisirwa kusvika pamadhora mazana matatu nemakumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe emamiriyoni panosvika gore ra2033 (8.2% CAGR). Kuwedzera kwenguva yekushandisa:
- Mishonga: Mishonga inobvisa ropa, mishonga inoderedza kuzvimba
- Nutraceuticals: Mishonga inorwisa ma oxidant, inodzora shuga muropa
- Zvinonhuwirira: Seramu dzinodzivirira kukwegura, mafuta anopenya
- Indasitiri Yezvekudya: Zvinoshandiswa zvinoshanda, tii dzemiti
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Mufananidzo weChikwereti: Pixabay
Zvinyorwa zveSainzi:
- Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023) pamusoro penzira dzekudzivirira ma antioxidants
- Frontiers in Pharmacology (2022) inotsanangura nzira dzekudzivirira tsinga
- Ongororo yeindasitiri yeCognitive Market Research (2024)
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Zvinyorwa zveKugadzirisa:
- Mashoko ehunyanzvi anochengetedzwa kuti aite zvakarurama panguva yekushandura marongerwo emitsara
- Mashoko ekare akadudzirwa kuti asadzokororwe shoko neshoko
- Mapoinzi edata akagadziridzwazve nemagwaro ekutsvagisa emazuva ano
- Nhamba dzemusika dzakaratidzwa kuburikidza nemapatani akasiyana-siyana ekugadzira
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-18-2025