Pasi pefuro rinoputika redoro re amber pane pfuma yemiti isingakosheswi. Kare muzana remakore rechi9 AD, raishandiswa sechisikigo kuchengetedza zvinhu nevanobika doro vekuEurope. Mazuva ano, rave chinhu chakakosha mukubika doro nekuvava kwaro kwakasiyana uye kunhuhwirira. Rudzi urwu rwechirimwa ihops.
1. Hops: Chombo chemashiripiti chekubika doro
Hop (Humulus lupulus), inozivikanwawo senyoka hop, chirimwa chinokura kwenguva refu chemhuri yeCannabaceae uye chinogona kukura kusvika pamamita anopfuura manomwe. Chine maruva akakora, anonzi makoni uye anoumbwa nepetals dzeresin dzakapfava, dzakapfava. Kana dzakura, makoni ehop akafukidzwa neanthocyanin glands dzinoburitsa resin nemafuta anokosha, zvichigadzira kunaka kwakasiyana uye kunhuhwirira kwemhando yehop. Hop cones dzinowanzo torwa pakupera kwaNyamavhuvhu kana munaGunyana.
Mahops anga achishandiswa semushonga wekurapa kubvira munguva dzekare dzevaIjipita. Munguva dzevaRoma, mahops aishandiswa kuvandudza zvirwere zvechiropa uye zvirwere zvekugaya chikafu. Kubva muzana remakore rechi13, mahops anga achionekwa semushonga wakanaka wekuvandudza fivha nezvirwere zvepleen munzvimbo dzechiArab.
Kushandiswa kwehops mudoro kunogona kuteverwa kudzokera kuEurope muzana remakore rechi9 AD. Pakutanga, dzaiwedzerwa kudoro nekuda kwesimba radzo rekuchengetedza kuti dzirambe dziripo kwenguva refu. Munguva yeMiddle Ages, vabiki vedoro mumamongi ekuGermany vakaona kuti raigona kuenzanisa kutapira kwemarita, kuwedzera kuvava uye kunhuhwirira kwakanaka, uye nokudaro rakasimbisa nzvimbo yaro huru mukubika doro. Nhasi, inenge 98% yehops dzakarimwa dzinonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yekubika doro, uye United States ndiyo inogadzira hops zvakanyanya pasi rose.
2. Kwete mukubika hops chete, asiwo kune zvimwe zvakawanda zvinobatsira
Hops, nekuvavira kwayo kwakasiyana uye kunhuhwirira, dzave zvinhu zvakakosha pakubika doro. Zvisinei, kukosha kwayo kunopfuura izvi.
Ongororo dzemazuva ano dzakawana kuti hops dzine α-acids (kunyanya humulone) uye β-acids (kunyanya humulone), flavonols (quercetin uye kaempferol), flavonoid 3-oils (kunyanya catechins, epicatechins uye proanthocyanidins), phenolic acids (ferulic acid), uye huwandu hushoma hweisoprene flavonoids (fulvic acid). Pakati padzo, alpha acids uye beta acids ndiwo manyuko makuru ekuvava kwehops.
Kurara zvakanaka uye kubatsira pakurara: Humulone iri mumahops inogona kusunganidza maGABA receptors, ichideredza kuzvidya mwoyo uye ichikurudzira kurara. GABA iri mumahops inogona kuwedzera kushanda kweneurotransmitter GABA, nokudaro ichidzivisa central nervous system. Kuedza kwemhuka kunoratidza kuti huwandu hwe2-milligram hwehop extract hunogona kuderedza zvinobudirira kushanda kwehusiku mu circadian rhythm. Mukupedzisa, simba rekurara zvakanaka remahops rinosanganisirwa nekushanda kwakawedzerwa kwemaGABA receptors, ayo anokonzera kukurumidza kudzivirira synaptic transmission muuropi. Parizvino, vanhu vanowanzo sanganisa hops ne valerian kugadzira tii inonyaradza.
Mhedzisiro yeAntioxidant uye Anti-inflammatory: Hops ine biomolecules ine simba guru rekuchengetedza maantioxidant senge flavonols, rutin (quercetin-3-rutin glycoside), uye astragaloside (kanophenol-3-glucoside), izvo zvinogona kudzivirira kukuvara kubva kumarudzi eoxygen anokonzera kushushikana. Pamusoro pezvo, xanthol iri muhops inogona kubvisa ma free radicals, kudzivirira nzira yeNF-κB, uye kuderedza kuzvimba kusingaperi (senge arthritis).
Inorwisa mabhakitiriya: Kubva kuEgypt yekare, hops dzave dzichishandiswa kuchengetedza chikafu. α-acid inovava uye β-acid iri mumahops ine simba rekurwisa mabhakitiriya uye inogona kudzivirira kukura kwezvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermococcus, Streptococcus mutans uye mabhakitiriya eGram-positive. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei doro rave rakachengeteka kupfuura mvura yekunwa. Pamusoro pekuripa simba rekurwisa mabhakitiriya, alpha-acid inobatsirawo kuchengetedza furo rakagadzikana redoro.
Kutsigira hutano hwevakadzi: Hop isoprenylnaringin (inobva kufulminol nezvimwe zvinobva mairi) inogona kutsiva kudzikira kwehuwandu hwe17-β -estradiol panguva yekuenda kumwedzi. Mishonga yeHop ine 8-isoprenylnaringin, inova imwe ye phytoestrogens ine simba inozivikanwa muhumambo hwezvirimwa. Mishonga yeHop inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chechisikigo chinotsiva phytoestrogens panguva yekuenda kumwedzi muvakadzi kuderedza kupisa, kushaya hope uye kuchinja-chinja kwemanzwiro. Chidzidzo chakaitwa nevakadzi 63 chakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwemishonga yeHop kunogona kuderedza zviratidzo zvevasomotor zvine chekuita nekuenda kumwedzi uye kupisa.
Kudzivirira tsinga: Tsvagiridzo yakawana kuti hop terpenes inogona kupinda muropa-uropi, kudzivirira tsinga, kupa dziviriro inodzivirira kuzvimba kweuropi, uye kuderedza oxidative stress. Imwe ongororo yakawana kuti hop isoalphaic acid inogona kuwedzera hippocampal dependent memory uye prefrontal cortex cognitive functions nekuita kuti dopamine neural transmission ishande. Asidhi inovava iri mumahops inogona kuwedzera ndangariro kuburikidza nemaitiro anoshandiswa ne norepinephrine neurotransmission. Hop isoalphaic acid inogona kuderedza neuroinflammation uye cognitive impairment mumhando dzakasiyana dzezvirwere zve neurodegenerative zvemakonzo, kusanganisira chirwere cheAlzheimer's.
3. Kushandiswa kwehops
Ruzivo rweMordor runoratidza kuti musika wehop unofungidzirwa kuva mabhiriyoni 9.18 emadhora ekuAmerica muna 2025 uye unotarisirwa kusvika mabhiriyoni 12.69 emadhora ekuAmerica panosvika 2030, nekukura kwegore negore kwe6.70% panguva yekufanotaura (2025-2030). Nekuda kwekukura kwekunwiwa kwedoro, mafambiro edoro rekugadzira uye kukura kwemhando itsva dzehop, musika wehop unotarisirwa kuramba uchikura.
Hutano hweJustgood
Kusvetukakapisiyumu yemuriwochaburitswa. Chigadzirwa ichi chine simba rekunyaradza uye chinobatsira pakurara.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-24-2025