Pasi pehuputi hwedoro reamber pane hupfumi hwechirimwa husingatarisirwi. Kare sezana ramakore rechi 9 AD, raishandiswa sechisikigo chekuchengetedza nevabiki vekuEurope. Mazuvano, chave chinhu chakakosha pakubika doro nekuvava kwaro nekunhuhwirira kwaro. Chirimwa chemhando iyi mahops.
1. Hops: Chombo cheshiripiti chekubika doro
Hop (Humulus lupulus), inozivikanwawo se snake hop, chirimwa chinokwira chisingaperi chemhuri yeCannabaceae uye chinogona kukura kusvika pamamita manomwe. Iyo ine dense conical inflorescences, iyo inonzi botanical inonzi cones uye inoumbwa neakapfava, akajeka egirinhi resin petals. Kana yakura, macones ehops akafukidzwa neanthocyanin glands ayo anoburitsa resin nemafuta akakosha, achigadzira yakasarudzika flavour uye kunhuhwirira kwemhando yehop. Hop cones inowanzotorwa mukupera kwaNyamavhuvhu kana munaGunyana.
Hops yave ichishandiswa semushonga kubva kuEgypt yekare. Munguva dzevaRoma, hops yaishandiswa kuvandudza zvirwere zvechiropa uye kusagadzikana kwekudya. Kubva muzana ramakore rechi 13, hops yave ichionekwa semushonga wakanaka wekuvandudza fivha uye spleen zvirwere mudunhu reArab.
Kushandiswa kwehops mudoro kunogona kurondwa kuEurope muzana ramakore rechipfumbamwe AD. Pakutanga, ivo vakawedzerwa kudoro nekuda kwemaitiro avo ekuchengetedza kuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu. Mukati meMiddle Ages, vabiki vebiki mudzimba dzemamongi dzeGermany vakawana kuti yaigona kudzikamisa kutapira kwemumera, kupa doro nekuvava kunozorodza uye kunhuhwirira kwakapfuma, nokudaro ndokusimbisa nzvimbo yaro inokosha mukubika doro. Nhasi, ingangoita 98% yemahopi anorimwa anonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yekubikisa doro, uye United States ndiyo inogadzira hop huru pasi rose.
2. Kwete mukubika chete, hops ine zvimwe zvakawanda zvinobatsira
Hop, nekuvava kwadzo nekunhuhwirira kwayo, dzave midziyo inokosha pakubika doro. Zvisinei, kukosha kwayo kunodarika izvi.
Tsvakurudzo yemazuva ano yakawana kuti hops ine α -acids (kunyanya humulone) uye β -acids (kunyanya humulone), flavonols (quercetin uye kaempferol), flavonoid 3-mafuta (kunyanya makatechini, epicatechins uye proanthocyanidins), phenolic acids (ferulic acid), uye isoprevic acid shoma (isoprevic acid). Pakati pavo, alpha acids uye beta acids ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kuvava kwehops.
Sedation uye rubatsiro rwekurara: Humulone muhops inogona kusunga kune GABA receptors, kuderedza kushushikana uye kukurudzira kurara. Iyo GABA muhops inogona kuwedzera basa reiyo neurotransmitter GABA, nekudaro ichivharira iyo yepakati tsinga system. Chiyedzo chemhando yemhuka chinoratidza kuti 2-milligram yekumisikidza yehop inotorwa inogona kunyatso kudzikisa chiitiko chehusiku mune circadian rhythm. Mukupedzisa, iyo sedative effect yehops inopindirana nekuwedzerwa kushanda kweGABA receptors, iyo inokonzera kukurumidza inhibitory synaptic transmission muuropi. Parizvino, vanhu vanowanzobatanidza hops ne valerian kugadzira tii inodzikamisa.
Antioxidant uye anti-inflammatory effects: Hops ine biomolecules ine high antioxidant mikana yakadai seflavonols, rutin (quercetin-3-rutin glycoside), uye astragaloside (kanophenol-3-glucoside), iyo inogona kubudirira kudzivirira kukanganisa kubva kune reactive oxygen marudzi. Mukuwedzera, xanthol muhops inogona kubvisa mahara radicals, inhibisa NF-κB nzira, uye kuderedza kusingaperi kuzvimba (zvakadai seArthritis).
Antibacterial: Kubva kuEgypt yekare, hops yakashandiswa kuchengetedza chikafu. Iyo inovava α -asidhi uye β -asidhi muhops ine antibacterial basa uye inogona kutadzisa kukura kwezvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermococcus, Streptococcus mutans uye Gram-positive bacteria. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvaita kuti doro kare rive rakachengetedzeka kudarika mvura yekunwa. Pamusoro pekupa iyo antibacterial properties, alpha-asidhi inobatsirawo kuchengetedza furo kugadzikana kwedoro.
Kutsigira hutano hwevakadzi: Hop isoprenylnaringin (yakatorwa kubva kune fulminol uye zvinyorwa zvayo) inogona kubhadhara kuderera kwemazinga e17-β -estradiol panguva yekuguma. Hop gadziriro dzine 8-isoprenylnaringin, inova imwe ine simba phytoestrogens inozivikanwa muumambo hwezvirimwa. Kugadzirira kweHop kunogona kushandiswa sechisikigo chinotsiva phytoestrogens panguva yekuenda kumwedzi muvakadzi kuti vabvise kupisa kunopisa, kushaya hope uye kushanduka kwemafungiro. Ongororo yakaitwa nevakadzi makumi matanhatu nenhatu yakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwemishonga yehop kunogona kuderedza zviratidzo zvevasomotor zvine chekuita nekuenda kumwedzi uye kupisa kwemoto.
Kuchengetedza tsinga: Tsvagiridzo yakawana kuti hop terpenes inogona kupinda muropa-uropi chinovharira, kudzivirira tsinga, kupa anti-kuzvimba kudzivirira kuhuropi, uye kuderedza oxidative kusagadzikana. Chimwe chidzidzo chakawana kuti hop isoalphaic acid inogona kuwedzera hippocampal inotsamira ndangariro uye prefrontal cortex ine chekuita nekuziva mabasa nekuita dopamine neural transmission. Iyo inovava asidhi muhops inogona kukwidziridza ndangariro basa kuburikidza neicho chinopindirana ne norepinephrine neurotransmission. Hop isoalphaic acid inogona kuderedza neuroinflammation uye kukanganisa kwekuziva mune dzakasiyana rodent neurodegenerative chirwere mhando, kusanganisira chirwere cheAlzheimer.
3. Kuiswa kwehops
Mordor data inoratidza kuti saizi yemusika wehop inofungidzirwa kuve 9.18 bhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica muna 2025 uye inotarisirwa kusvika 12.69 bhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica panosvika 2030, iine musanganiswa wepagore kukura kwe6.70% panguva yekufanotaura (2025-2030). Tichitungamirwa nekukura kwekunwa doro, maitiro edoro rekugadzira uye kuvandudzwa kwemhando nyowani dzehop, musika wehop unotarisirwa kuramba uchikura.
Utano Hwakanaka
A hop vegetarian capsule yakatangwa. Ichi chigadzirwa chine sedative effect uye inobatsira nehope.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-24-2025